Fellow Fug Ken Weaver first brought my attention to Spain Rodriquez, who was living in the Lower East Side and doing class-conscious, radical comics and designs for the East Village Other. This was 1966, when the Fugs were performing sold out shows at the Players Theater on MacDougal Street in the West Village.

Spain hailed from Buffalo, where he had begun his career as an artist and had been involved with a bike gang, the Road Vultures, which provided great material for Spain’s burgeoning art. His work sometimes had a macabre tone, but under it all his humor, often gentle, shone forth, and his radical politics also. Spain was a curious soul, and studied history intently, especially the times of social struggle.

EVO was located on the east side of Tompkins Square Park between 9th and 10th Streets. Spain later described the Park: “I've lived all around Tompkins Square Park. It was a great place for counter culture back in the day. Kim Deitch and I lived on 8th and Avenue C, in a building that was taken over by a Puerto Rican street gang. They used to kick holes in the wall and steal Kim's paintings - which were very beautiful and my girlfriend's panties. The landlord was afraid to come by so we just stopped paying rent.”

The great creativity of the Lower East Side during those years was made possible in good part by rent control. Rent Controls had come about in New York City through the ceaseless agitation of tenant organizations during the Depression, which lead to a limited rent-control law in 1939. During WWII a group called the United Tenants League formed, whose work helped lead to the Office of Price Administration which set up wartime rent controls in NYC. These rent controls stayed in place for decades after the war and helped make possible the poetry-bebop-novelist Beat Generation ban-the-bomb hipster/hippie mimeograph Thought Boom of the ’50s and ’60s.

The Lower East Side had been slums since the overcrowdings after the War of 1812— and had seen radical movements rise on its streets created by, among others, the Yiddish-speak- ing Socialists who came to the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to escape oppres- sion and pogroms in Russia and other Eastern European countries.

There were cheap pads, affordable food, a person didn’t have to have five part-time jobs to survive, and you could buy enough pot to roll maybe twenty joints for five bucks. One of America’s lasting disgraces— its lack of concern for affordable and dignified housing for all (which yet respects clean water and open space)— was not so much in evidence then. Gentrification, fueled by greed and political corruption, would not come to the Lower East Side for another decade or so.

As a revolutionary,  Spain was ever eager to use his art to help out most aspects of the Great Cause.  He was always available for the design of flyers and ads for benefits in the Lower East Side.  An example is his drawing for the June 28, ’67 “Community Defense Fund” benefit at the Village Theater (which would soon become Fillmore  East), to raise money for bail and court costs for beat-hippie defendants.

June 27-July 3  “Literary  Relics & Paintings  of the Lower East Side” July 4-17  Steve Weber—  “sculpture,  constructions and ejaculata”

July 18-31  Spain Rodriguez   — Drawings  and Paintings!   (One of Spain’s exhibited works was a refrigerator door upon which he had painted a biker.  Ahh I wish I had kept that beautiful door in my archive.)

August 15-28    Ted Berrigan and Ed Sanders—  “recent paintings.” All the exhibitions except Ted and my paintings actually occurred.

Ted and I had agreed to collaborate on some paintings.  They would have been great!  with my esoteric fascination with Egyptian  hieroglyphs  and symbology combined  with his super- charged New York School genius! One of my lasting regrets is that I just didn’t go ahead and purchase some framed canvases and get together  with Ted to create a series of fresh paintings for the proposed  opening!

Spain also designed the front sign of the famous Digger  Free Store, located on East 10th near Avenue A, in the fall of 1967.

In the winter of ’68, I decided to move Peace Eye from its location on East 10th street into the East Village Other office at 147 Avenue A, between  9th and 10th.   On  February  28,   I signed a lease, $150 a month.   EVO had moved its offices to 2nd Avenue above the theater that  would soon become the Fillmore  East. I gave the Other $500 in key money and hired people to get it ready— scraping, painting, putting  in shelves.

Spain Rodriguez   designed the new Peace Eye sign —chrome yellow letters on red— and a fine Eye of Horus.

Spain designed a series of posters for Peace Eye which I had printed in late ’68.

In the fall of ’68 I began gathering original art from some underground comic artists whose work I admired for a show at Peace Eye, which I, for some reason, titled “Ape Rape— An Exhibition of Lower East Side Comic Art,” which opened November 7. Spain Rodriguez designed the flier announcing the exhibition. I think it was the first underground comic art show. The walls were packed with great works— pages from R. Crumb's notebooks, and original strips by Crumb, Art Spiegelman, Kim Deitch, Bill Beckman and of course Spain Rodriguez.

I sent out a press release with text such as

"These comic strip plexi are high energy spew-grids which at their best discharge intense power & beauty in to the brain as the eye slurps across their surface. The jolt of such immediate energy creates in the beholder profound sensations of mirth, anarchy, poetry, sodomy- froth, Hideum apparitions and somehow, faith. It's not easy. These artists live & work together, constantly comparing a million ideas and anecdotes, cackling & chortling over the pushy violence of the world, annotating with their tense disciplined rapidographs the terror in the wall...."

I used Spain’s far-reaching word “Hideum” in the release.

Peace Eye was packed that night —even Robert Frank showed up!— and so were the fine-drawn walls.

I sponsored a book party for Abbie Hoffman’s just-published Revolution for the Hell of it on November 22, 1968. Spain provided a “Thrabrak!” image for a design I put up in the Peace Eye Bookstore window that evening.

In the course of taking over the old East Village Other offices, and in putting on an exhibi- tion of Spain’s art at Peace Eye, and the Comic Art show, I collected about 50 pieces of Spain’s art, including comic panels, designs for benefits, an original 1966 EVO front page lay- out, various drawings, and even a group of preliminary drawings and sketches for his comics. They are a cherished part of my archive. Also, in my garage in Woodstock, after all these decades, is Spain’s red and yellow Peace Eye Bookstore sign from early ’68!

Spain left the Lower East Side for San Francisco in late ’69-early ’70, the same year I spent a lot of time in California investigating the so-called Manson Family for a book. Spain arrived in S.F. just as the underground comix movement was beginning to boom and became an associate of the original Zap Comix group along with Robert Crumb, Victor Moscoso, Rick Griffin, S. Clay Wilson, Gilbert Shelton, and Robert Williams. Spain was one of the main organizers of the important cartoon-creator labor union, the United Cartoon Workers of America.

He flourished in San Francisco, becoming pals with Janis Joplin. “Janis took me out in San Francisco. She was a beautiful woman and her mouth tasted like whiskey and cigarettes,” he later recounted. He did illustrations for Frank Zappa’s “bootleg project” where Zappa boot- legged his own music, and put them out in a box which Spain designed.

Spain fit right in. He worked all the time during the next decades. He married a film- maker Susan Stern with whom he had a daughter, Nora. His wife created a film about him, Trashman: The Art of Spain Rodriguez. For years, Spain designed posters for the San Francisco Mime Troupe, whose motto is “Overthrowing capitalism, one play at a time, since 1959.”

What some say is Spain’s masterwork is an illustrated biography of Ernesto “Che” Guevara, Che: A Graphic Biography (published in late 2008 by Verso Books). Spain brought his research skills and brilliant drawing into tracing the life of the great Revolutionary.

Thus Spain Rodriguez held fast to his youthful vision of a sharing and better world, work- ing till the end. One final project was a cartoon history, collaborating with two storytellers, of a particularly odious act of future President Andrew Jackson, back in the early 19th century.

Hail to Radical Roots that STAY Radical Roots

Hail to Spain Rodriguez in the Time-Mists!

Hail to Trashman, Agent of the Sixth International!

Edward Sanders is a poet, historian and musician. In the 1960s he operated the Peace Eye Bookstore in New York City’s East Village, and was the leader of the folk-satire group, The Fugs. He was a participant in the Mimeograph Revolution, publishing in the early 1960s, Fuck You a Magazine of the Arts.

In the early 1970s, he wrote The Family, the harrowing story tracing the “family” of cult leader Charles Manson. Also in the 1970s he wrote Investigative Poetry, a well-received manifesto on how poets should take on the ancient task of writing histories. In 1975 appeared Tales of Beatnik Glory, Volume 1, the first volume of a four-volume set of interconnected stories tracing life in the Beat Generation and Counterculture eras of the late 1950s through the 1960s. Other volumes of Tales of Beatnik Glory were published in 1980, 1987 and 2004.

Additional books by Sanders include 1968, a History in Verse; The Poetry and Life of Allen Ginsberg; and Chekhov, a biography in verse of Anton Chekhov. From 1998 till completing it in 2011, he wrote the 9-volume America, a History in Verse. His selected poems, 1986-2008, Let’s Not Keep Fighting the Trojan War, has been published by Coffee House Press.

Da Capo Press has published his memoir of the 1960s, Fug You— An Informal History of the Peace Eye Bookstore, the Fuck You Press, the Fugs and Counterculture in the Lower East Side, which won the 2012 PEN-Oakland Josephine Miles award.

Another recent writing project is Poems for New Orleans, a book and CD on the history of that great city, and its tribulations during and after hurricane Katrina. He has been granted a Guggenheim fellowship in poetry, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship in verse, an American Book Award for his collected poems, and other awards for his writing.

Two of his books, The Family and Tales of Beatnik Glory, are under option to be made into movies. Sanders lives in Woodstock, New York with his wife, the essayist and painter Miriam Sanders, and both are active in environmental and other social issues.